An Example Of Church Program

Given that I have yet to read the bibliography that are now able to print (because Frassilongo Mocheni and downstream) can I still draft a proposal medotologica.

1) Data source: as will have to build a semi-structured questionnaire and conduct interviews , most likely the data that will accrue will PRIMARY and qualitative. I remember that during a search you usually can use primary data collected by the researcher or a view of a particular research objective and / or secondary data, collected by others which the researcher accessed without being directly involved or interested in the collection.
Wanting to use a ' semistructured interview is expected to build a track that shows the arguments that must necessarily be addressed during the interview, it may consist of a list of topics or a series of questions to nature General. Although this is a track down used duratnte all interviews, conducting the interview may vary based on the answers given by the interviewee and based on the individual situation. The interviewer, in fact, can not address issues not covered in the track but, Unlike a structured interview, can develop some topics that arise spontaneously during the interview if he considers that these arguments are useful for understanding the phenomenon studied. It can happen, for example, that the respondent advances some answers and then the interviewer may have to change the order of questions. In practice, track down a sort of perimeter within which the interviewee interviewer have freedom of movement allowing him to treat all the necessary arguments to be it. For further information on

metedologia used during the interview, see:
http://www.ucm.es/info/eurotheo/diccionario/E/entrevista_sondeo.htm

2) Not having as its primary objective the generalization of the results, but wanting to detect any possible information on ' use and non use of the platform, I ask myself the `Case Study of the randomness of the sample, it will be 'not chosen randomly, but weighted, trying to identify the champions who best represent the types of potential users (who constantly uses Sonet , who has never used, those who have stopped using it, etc. ...).
In conducting interviews, my primary focus will be 'access to the perspectives of the subject studied, capturing its conceptual categories, his interpretations of reality and its attitudes against the social network (real and virtual). An application under interview will aim to push the interviewee to the criticism of himself and his actions and explain the outcome of this reflection, so you can divide the interview into two phases, the first ricondicibile the structure of 'semi-structured interview, the second in what character questionariale.

Before proceeding I would like to briefly clarify what is meant by the term in sociology ATTITUDE .
A bit 'of history .... the term attitude is used for the first time by sociologists Thomas and Znaniecki in 1918 in the search "The Polish Peasant." I will not go into detail, but for those interested in the book is very well summed up by Madge. The authors defined the attitude as a process of individual consciousness (mind) that determines the actual and potential responses (actions) of each individual to his social environment.
Attitudes are therefore part of social values, they are conceived as related to a single object while the value systems are the guidelines to entire classes of objects. Individual attitudes are often organized within a system of values.
The first official definition of attitude (loosely) was that of Gordon Allport, who regarded him as a neurological or mental state of readiness, organized through experience, that directive or dynamic influence on the response of the individual to any object or situation that enters into a relationship.
The attitude is, therefore, a psychological construct consists of three components of different nature:

• cognitive components: knowledge of a certain object or subject or the information and beliefs that individuals possess about the object that turns attention);
• affective component: the emotional reaction that the subject arouses
• behavioral components: willingness to act accordingly or action relative to approach or avoidance).

This definition highlights the fact that we speak of a state not directly observable and that it is a variable that intervenes between the stimulus and response. Precisely for this reason this information is more difficult to obtain because the researcher put in fornt of a series of problems. First, because of their nature, vague and elusive, which makes it difficult concept in the transformation of variables, and secondly because the issues that concern attitudes relate to topics on which the respondent may respond on the basis of social desirability.

The survey of attitudes is so complicated and there is an accurate and totally reliable.
However, there are tools for collecting and analyzing data that detect clues as to their understanding. one of these is the technique at the base of the stairs there is the idea that even purely mental properties can be detected because they are continuous and measurable properties . In this case, the unit of analysis is the individual, the general concept is an attitude (beliefs underlying undetectable directly) are the views and concepts specific (empirically detectable expression of an attitude). A specific level and the physical scale is a coherent set of elements that are considered indicators of a more general concept.

There are different types of attitude scales, eg. Likert scale, Guttman scale, but we can identify commonalities:

• require the involvement of the subject in determining the score of the state property to be collected
• are based on one-dimensional interpretation property
• use battery of stimulus sentences (items) that monitor reviews and allow to probe the size of the attitude latent
• each battery of stimulus sentences can refer to one or more attitudes
• batteries generate measures consist of scores (scores ) tend to scale cardinal.

(for more see http://www.valutazioneitaliana.it/riv/num7/giordano.pdf )

But like any method, it is not immune to distortions ( alteration of the actual state of the subject property involved in the process sensing and / or registration) , both of which items of battery intems.
matter what scale is considered possible to identify five types of distortions:

• Presentation of the self
• semantic nature of the variable
• Formal structure
• Succession questions
• Answers provided by the interviewee (R)

In my case, so the interview will start with general questions about his relationship with colleagues, work environment, technology, innovation, understanding the climate, as perceived and would amended interviewee, after which "broke the ice" than structural questions (age, gender, project membership, etc ...) you will arrive at the more structured and focused, then:

• multiple choice questions
• batteries of items to which they respond by choosing from five to seven modes of response ranging from: Fully agree, agree, uncertain, disagree, completely disagree (Likert scale)
• pairs bipolar adjectives, among which is located a scale with 5 or 7 positions ( semantic differential )

(for study, see: http://eprints.unifi.it/archive/00001441/01/ASTRIS_5_-_Il_differenziale_semantico_per_la_misura_degli_atteggiamenti.pdf )

This part will explore the use of SONET, or use of resources socialized alternative relational habits their virtual and real.

the completion of the questionnaire will need to consider the distortions typical battery of questions:

1. Response set: the batteries fester allow a fast somministrazion questions, might lead the interviewee to give the same answer, in a mechanical way and always the same, regardless of content demand. To avoid this you must reduce the number of items in each battery, and to locate it is necessary to reverse the polarity of the semantic item.

1. acquiescent response set: a tendency to declare always agree with all statements that are subject
2. reaction to the object: the interviewee does not respond to the allegations, but the characters, actions, situations mentioned by the claims themselves. Example says the agreement or disagreement with what the characters say, but not with that which expresses the demand.
3. Mock double negative
4. Curvilinear: the wording of an item leads to choose the same alternative response by two subjects, with rival views on the issue. This occurs because these individuals, giving the same answer but having a different opinion, have the same score distorting the image that results from the questionnaire. (To solve this problem some authors advise to choose extreme claims (Coombs), but doing so is likely to eliminate all responses moderate extremism, creating a non-real (Marradi).

From the point of view, the items must be structurally simple, ie consist of a single statement referring to a single object, thus avoiding the items of type double barreled, or statements that refer to two different situations of the same object.
The items must also be "semantically simple" that is defined and unambiguous terminology as close as possible to that of the current language of the interviewee (Cacciola - Marradi 1988).

3) Once the interview, it will be transcribed and entered into a database, from here we will proceed to process the data, a first difficulty encountered is that the properties that we are psychic and social went to investigate can be thought of as continuous variables measured, but no units of measure. To overcome this limit we will use techniques SCALING . That is, the answer is ricordificata assigning a numeric value, then you can treat them as cardinal variables, but in reality this can not be made ahead for all the answers you get, in some cases the distance between a review and 'the other is not measurable, then the only thing that could make a comparison, determining if the phenomenon is investigated in greater or lesser extent.

do not know many computer programs, but you could use SPSS or R, for processing variables cardinals and quasi cardinals (which I assume will emerge from the questionnaire), and for variables that Atlassia emrgeranno interview. The program will be used mainly as a database because the amount of data is limited, and that interviews will be conducted by me, and then combining the notes field of my impressions and stories of the interviewees, we will try to outline the problem areas identified use of the platform, and suggestions more often. To outline the structure of social network data will be treated with programs such as UCINET, MULTINET, NEQOPY etc ... this requires the creation of matrices with columns and rows that represent our units of analysis. Inserting only the frequencies of communication, we will obtain information on the presence of sub-groups, contacts with the outside isoalti individuals, or individuals for power plants.