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Analysis we are going to `make` will involve the entire population of a well-defined group of researchers (champions), the network will then be used by adopting a `do you view the whole network relationships, and it will be` investigated the composition, role played by the various components, and links these with the external environment. With particular attention to the role of Sonera, within the total communication. We will try to answer any questions you like:

• who talks to whom?
• ABOUT WHAT?
• FACILITY THAT USES, WITH WHOM, AND WHAT TO TALK ABOUT?
• IN MEASURING THE LINKS THAT ARE MAINTAINED BY CMC AND HOW?
• HOW interpersonal relationships (friendships, Work, organization) affect the use of CMC?
  
• AS THE PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ascribed and acquired) INFLUENCE OF USERS The CMC?
• AS THE CMC AND HOW IT DIFFERS FROM THE FACE TO FACE COMMUNICATION?
• CMC CREATE A SOCIAL COMMUNICATION NETWORK DIFFERENT FROM TRADITIONAL?

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What Is Social Network Analysis? Description of the methodology

Much research on camputer mediated communication (CMC) investigate how the individual uses the interface of your PC, like individuals interaggiscono online, or the activities of small virtual groups. With the recent spread of the CMC research needs to go beyond the study of the use of the individual, dyadic ties and small groups, and pay attention to computer-supported social network (CSSNs). To understand the interrelationships between network computer, CMC, and social processes, you can 'still use the typical approach of the respective network.

In its classical sense, the Social Network aims to describe the networks of social relations, exchanges of information or other resources, and through what 'discover what effects these relations have on individuals and organizations, and examine the role held within a social network facilitates comportamneto understanding of and attitude of the members (ie those who are 'is located in a peripheral position is a greater use of electronic mail? and this' raises the feeling of involvement?). Social Network Analysis studies the dyadic ties, their interpretation, and function, whereas the social environment in which it stands, that is, observing also that the relationship dyad necessatimanete and individuals have with the rest of the network. It is this fundamental difference between the Social Network Analysis and CMC instead assume that the possibility to study the relationships regardless of the units of analysis. To find out how A relates to B and C, it is also necessary to understand the relationship between B and C. Indeed There are direct links (Ego-Alter1) and indirect (Alter-Ego of Alter1). The bonds linking the components of indirect relationships in a wide social system that allows the acquisition of resources, and the emergence of coalitions and division. These often have no clearly defined boundaries, a description of the network through the identification of groups only simplifies too much the computer network.
social network analysis, reflects the shift from individualism typical of the social sciences, structural analysis. Ie implement a reassessment of the fundamental units of analysis (a) , and the development of a new analytical method (b) .

(a) The units becomes the fundamental REPORT STABILIS for example those that are in a relationship, a bond of friendship, but also the lines of communication between offices and can be considered as organizzaione reports. In addition to the specific attributes of individuals that make possible the report (age, sex, religion, etc ...) will take into account the exchanges taking place between social actors and type of resources that can be exchanged for different types tangible and intangible, and exchanged across different media, text, graphics, sound, media, etc. ....
Every relationship is characterized by:

• DIRECTORATE that allows you to indicate whether is directly or indirectly. If A helps B, we have two direct reports: giving support and receiving support, either the `actor may be involved in an indirect relationship of friendship that is maintained by Alter Ego that, if this does not happen you can check a report UNBALANCED : A friendship requires a more narrow, weak B, or communications may be more frequently intrapprese riespetto one actor to another.
• FORCE operationalization in the frequency with which you communicate with, the contents of the message that may be important or trivial, and the complexity of communication had, in the emotional support and consent obtained.

Another object of analysis are LINKS , which can be maintained through unique relationship (members of the same oraganizzaione) or multiple (cousins \u200b\u200b+ + fellow classmates of calcium). The links may vary in content, direction and strength, are usually characterized with adjectives, "strong or weak," even if that which is strong or weak varies greatly depending on the context. Ties are generally weak when they are not frequent and do not involve the exchange of personal information (such as bonds that develop between co-workers) but involves a smaller share access dives types of resources, as individuals are members of different networks; on the contrary strong ties require confidence, mutual exchange of frequent contacts and favors, as it is between relatives or close friends, in these cases, however, the members belong to the same network and have access to the same resources. The strength of the bonds is the subject of analysis of some studies that show that CMC reduces social costs linked to contact people who do not know via e-mail, that is in the workplace can lead to the phenomenon of "invisible colleges". MULTIPLE
relations are in most cases more intimate, voluntary and sustainable. Analysis is shown by some fear that e-mail, Internet etc. .. We are not the appropriate means to maintain multiple relationships.
The composition of relations or ties comes from the social attributes of both participants, example, if the dyad is of the same sex, if one has a greater role or whether it is a relationship that occurs between peers. The CMC, tends to under-represent the social cues of the participants, to focus instead on the content of the message penalize the characteristics of 'issuer and recipient, but it is precisely this characteristic that allows it to idebolire barriers and hierarchies from different status and to increase involvement of those who normally hold marginal positions in the network.
The analysis of the social network can be from two different points of view depending on whether you consider the nerwork take the role of ego, EGO-CENTERED or who consider in its entirety, taking on the look of an outside observer WHOLE NETWORKS .
The first viewpoint is compared to the Ptolemaic gaming, in which the individual is at the center and the network is built around him, relationships are defined according to the links that have the Alter Ego.

fuzionale This approach is if the population is particularly large or if the borders are difficult to define. In fact it has been used to investigate sense of community 'or `mode of searching for a new job.
The second viewpoint is likened to the Copernican view, the approach considers the entire network that is necessarily limited by barriers formal, such an organization, department, club, and investigates both the presence of bonds that the non-presence of all members, with all members of the population.
This will show who plays the roles centriali, some marginal ones, but those who have the funizione a bridge. This view will be able to be applied only in cases of network is limited spazilamente and numerically, in fact the number of possible links is equal to (n * (n-1) / 2 such as for a population of 20 380 individuals will develop links for each report.
once represented the network can identify a number of measures: RANGE , which varies in size and heterogeneity ', usually is the most extensive network, the more carattristiche of its members, and the structures that emerge within it will be heterogeneous. The network small and homogeneous, are typical of the villages and communities and have a high ability to preserve intact its resources. Centrality, measures arising from the analysis of who is central or isolated, whereas the different media (who is isolated in the network of e-mail, may be central to that of face to face). Who normally plays a central role, or who the mediator also has more connections with other members, and a possible output, the network may collapse. Roles allow the identification of typical patterns of relationships that can be found within the networks, for example in a network often uses the figure of one who is considered "more technical" or "innovatote.
(b) New analytical method: the information needed for the analysis of the network are obtained through questionnaires, interviews and only recently through the use of computer monitoring. The most frequent requests concerning the frequency of communication with others, and the means of interaction used. Inotre report is used to distinguish between "socialization" and report "informations". The time frame is often not investigated the immediate present, the interviewee may be asked to esseee richiamre behavior set in a large period of time, the more you depart from the present time, more and attedibilita acuratezza the `information will be compromised. Also, not all the episodes are remembered with the same ease and with the same meaning, that is, apart from observing the commemoration. Many researchers suggest that the ideal solution to combine methods including questionnaires, interviews, observation and artifacts. For the early-data is common to use Nud.ist , which allows you to organize ethnographic data, and possible models for people, attitudes, and activities implemented through the media. This process You can integrate the analysis of the structure of social networks (involving both individuals and institutions) with the analysis of its cognitive meaning. The ties between individuals are not the only sources of data, analysis of electronic text can identify relationships between words and sentences and then identify people who have similar conceptual orientations. Rinscontrabili issues during the processing of electronic data derived from the myriad of data can be easily found, and the question PRIVACY : sensitive topics will not be discussed if the user knows-to be monitored. A possible solution to this Case Study consists of a careful selection of the most relevant data, and construction anonymous codes to make the actions taken by the subjects observed.

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Given that I have yet to read the bibliography that are now able to print (because Frassilongo Mocheni and downstream) can I still draft a proposal medotologica.

1) Data source: as will have to build a semi-structured questionnaire and conduct interviews , most likely the data that will accrue will PRIMARY and qualitative. I remember that during a search you usually can use primary data collected by the researcher or a view of a particular research objective and / or secondary data, collected by others which the researcher accessed without being directly involved or interested in the collection.
Wanting to use a ' semistructured interview is expected to build a track that shows the arguments that must necessarily be addressed during the interview, it may consist of a list of topics or a series of questions to nature General. Although this is a track down used duratnte all interviews, conducting the interview may vary based on the answers given by the interviewee and based on the individual situation. The interviewer, in fact, can not address issues not covered in the track but, Unlike a structured interview, can develop some topics that arise spontaneously during the interview if he considers that these arguments are useful for understanding the phenomenon studied. It can happen, for example, that the respondent advances some answers and then the interviewer may have to change the order of questions. In practice, track down a sort of perimeter within which the interviewee interviewer have freedom of movement allowing him to treat all the necessary arguments to be it. For further information on

metedologia used during the interview, see:
http://www.ucm.es/info/eurotheo/diccionario/E/entrevista_sondeo.htm

2) Not having as its primary objective the generalization of the results, but wanting to detect any possible information on ' use and non use of the platform, I ask myself the `Case Study of the randomness of the sample, it will be 'not chosen randomly, but weighted, trying to identify the champions who best represent the types of potential users (who constantly uses Sonet , who has never used, those who have stopped using it, etc. ...).
In conducting interviews, my primary focus will be 'access to the perspectives of the subject studied, capturing its conceptual categories, his interpretations of reality and its attitudes against the social network (real and virtual). An application under interview will aim to push the interviewee to the criticism of himself and his actions and explain the outcome of this reflection, so you can divide the interview into two phases, the first ricondicibile the structure of 'semi-structured interview, the second in what character questionariale.

Before proceeding I would like to briefly clarify what is meant by the term in sociology ATTITUDE .
A bit 'of history .... the term attitude is used for the first time by sociologists Thomas and Znaniecki in 1918 in the search "The Polish Peasant." I will not go into detail, but for those interested in the book is very well summed up by Madge. The authors defined the attitude as a process of individual consciousness (mind) that determines the actual and potential responses (actions) of each individual to his social environment.
Attitudes are therefore part of social values, they are conceived as related to a single object while the value systems are the guidelines to entire classes of objects. Individual attitudes are often organized within a system of values.
The first official definition of attitude (loosely) was that of Gordon Allport, who regarded him as a neurological or mental state of readiness, organized through experience, that directive or dynamic influence on the response of the individual to any object or situation that enters into a relationship.
The attitude is, therefore, a psychological construct consists of three components of different nature:

• cognitive components: knowledge of a certain object or subject or the information and beliefs that individuals possess about the object that turns attention);
• affective component: the emotional reaction that the subject arouses
• behavioral components: willingness to act accordingly or action relative to approach or avoidance).

This definition highlights the fact that we speak of a state not directly observable and that it is a variable that intervenes between the stimulus and response. Precisely for this reason this information is more difficult to obtain because the researcher put in fornt of a series of problems. First, because of their nature, vague and elusive, which makes it difficult concept in the transformation of variables, and secondly because the issues that concern attitudes relate to topics on which the respondent may respond on the basis of social desirability.

The survey of attitudes is so complicated and there is an accurate and totally reliable.
However, there are tools for collecting and analyzing data that detect clues as to their understanding. one of these is the technique at the base of the stairs there is the idea that even purely mental properties can be detected because they are continuous and measurable properties . In this case, the unit of analysis is the individual, the general concept is an attitude (beliefs underlying undetectable directly) are the views and concepts specific (empirically detectable expression of an attitude). A specific level and the physical scale is a coherent set of elements that are considered indicators of a more general concept.

There are different types of attitude scales, eg. Likert scale, Guttman scale, but we can identify commonalities:

• require the involvement of the subject in determining the score of the state property to be collected
• are based on one-dimensional interpretation property
• use battery of stimulus sentences (items) that monitor reviews and allow to probe the size of the attitude latent
• each battery of stimulus sentences can refer to one or more attitudes
• batteries generate measures consist of scores (scores ) tend to scale cardinal.

(for more see http://www.valutazioneitaliana.it/riv/num7/giordano.pdf )

But like any method, it is not immune to distortions ( alteration of the actual state of the subject property involved in the process sensing and / or registration) , both of which items of battery intems.
matter what scale is considered possible to identify five types of distortions:

• Presentation of the self
• semantic nature of the variable
• Formal structure
• Succession questions
• Answers provided by the interviewee (R)

In my case, so the interview will start with general questions about his relationship with colleagues, work environment, technology, innovation, understanding the climate, as perceived and would amended interviewee, after which "broke the ice" than structural questions (age, gender, project membership, etc ...) you will arrive at the more structured and focused, then:

• multiple choice questions
• batteries of items to which they respond by choosing from five to seven modes of response ranging from: Fully agree, agree, uncertain, disagree, completely disagree (Likert scale)
• pairs bipolar adjectives, among which is located a scale with 5 or 7 positions ( semantic differential )

(for study, see: http://eprints.unifi.it/archive/00001441/01/ASTRIS_5_-_Il_differenziale_semantico_per_la_misura_degli_atteggiamenti.pdf )

This part will explore the use of SONET, or use of resources socialized alternative relational habits their virtual and real.

the completion of the questionnaire will need to consider the distortions typical battery of questions:

1. Response set: the batteries fester allow a fast somministrazion questions, might lead the interviewee to give the same answer, in a mechanical way and always the same, regardless of content demand. To avoid this you must reduce the number of items in each battery, and to locate it is necessary to reverse the polarity of the semantic item.

1. acquiescent response set: a tendency to declare always agree with all statements that are subject
2. reaction to the object: the interviewee does not respond to the allegations, but the characters, actions, situations mentioned by the claims themselves. Example says the agreement or disagreement with what the characters say, but not with that which expresses the demand.
3. Mock double negative
4. Curvilinear: the wording of an item leads to choose the same alternative response by two subjects, with rival views on the issue. This occurs because these individuals, giving the same answer but having a different opinion, have the same score distorting the image that results from the questionnaire. (To solve this problem some authors advise to choose extreme claims (Coombs), but doing so is likely to eliminate all responses moderate extremism, creating a non-real (Marradi).

From the point of view, the items must be structurally simple, ie consist of a single statement referring to a single object, thus avoiding the items of type double barreled, or statements that refer to two different situations of the same object.
The items must also be "semantically simple" that is defined and unambiguous terminology as close as possible to that of the current language of the interviewee (Cacciola - Marradi 1988).

3) Once the interview, it will be transcribed and entered into a database, from here we will proceed to process the data, a first difficulty encountered is that the properties that we are psychic and social went to investigate can be thought of as continuous variables measured, but no units of measure. To overcome this limit we will use techniques SCALING . That is, the answer is ricordificata assigning a numeric value, then you can treat them as cardinal variables, but in reality this can not be made ahead for all the answers you get, in some cases the distance between a review and 'the other is not measurable, then the only thing that could make a comparison, determining if the phenomenon is investigated in greater or lesser extent.

do not know many computer programs, but you could use SPSS or R, for processing variables cardinals and quasi cardinals (which I assume will emerge from the questionnaire), and for variables that Atlassia emrgeranno interview. The program will be used mainly as a database because the amount of data is limited, and that interviews will be conducted by me, and then combining the notes field of my impressions and stories of the interviewees, we will try to outline the problem areas identified use of the platform, and suggestions more often. To outline the structure of social network data will be treated with programs such as UCINET, MULTINET, NEQOPY etc ... this requires the creation of matrices with columns and rows that represent our units of analysis. Inserting only the frequencies of communication, we will obtain information on the presence of sub-groups, contacts with the outside isoalti individuals, or individuals for power plants.